Until this past weekend, the numbers told a reassuring story. The Key Match Incidents (KMI) Panel — the body that reviews every contentious decision in the Premier League and votes on whether it was correct — had recorded just two VAR errors through the first eight rounds of the season. At the same point last season, six mistakes had already been logged.

Then came a Saturday and Sunday that tested the system like few weekends in recent memory, with almost every top-flight match producing at least one disputed call. BBC Sport assessed the most significant incidents and offered a view on how the KMI Panel is likely to rule on each.

Manchester United 4-4 Aston Villa

Two incidents drew scrutiny at Old Trafford. First, a penalty was awarded to Manchester United after Boubacar Kamara fouled Matheus Cunha in the 16th minute — replays confirmed initial contact was on the Brazilian's foot, making this a straightforward correct call.

Second, Aston Villa's equaliser in the 96th minute, scored by Patrick Dorgu, was preceded by a possible foul by Senne Lammens on goalkeeper Zion Suzuki. Given the Premier League's high threshold for VAR intervention and the minimal nature of the contact, the KMI Panel is unlikely to rule this a VAR error.

Arsenal 1-0 Hull

The most clear-cut likely error of the weekend: Kai Havertz was fouled inside the area by Nobel Mendy, and VAR official Michael Oliver sent referee Farai Hallam to the pitchside monitor. The penalty was ultimately not given because Havertz was adjudged to be offside. However, because the foul occurred before any offside offence, the law states the penalty should have stood. The KMI Panel is expected to log this as a VAR mistake.

Leeds 1-0 Tottenham

Omar Bogle caught Mathys Tel with what many felt was a dangerous challenge, but referee John Brooks awarded only a free-kick. VAR official Tony Harrington did not send Brooks to the monitor for a potential red card. Because Bogle made contact with his supporting foot rather than his challenging foot, opinion among former professionals is divided — and the KMI Panel's verdict may hinge on its own composition this week.

Everton 3-1 Coventry

Three separate incidents emerged from Goodison Park. James Tarkowski appeared to pull the hair of Coventry's Caleb Yirenkyi inside the area — no penalty was given, but the KMI Panel is expected to rule that one should have been awarded. A second penalty claim, for a challenge by Vitalii Mykolenko on Taiwo Awoniyi, appears to have been correctly dismissed, as contact occurred marginally outside the box. A third incident — a potential handball in the build-up to Thierno Barry's 61st-minute goal for Everton — may escape sanction because the super-zoom technology needed to confirm a deviation was not immediately available, mirroring a similar situation involving Crystal Palace against Nottingham Forest earlier this season.

Brighton 2-0 Brentford

Igor Thiago was dismissed after VAR review for catching Chema Andres in the head with his forearm. While intent appeared to be absent, the law is clear that contact to the head warrants a red card unless force is negligible. The intervention is likely to be upheld.

Crystal Palace 1-3 Liverpool

Crystal Palace were awarded a stoppage-time penalty when Milos Kerkez fouled Dario Osorio. The KMI Panel may consider this more of a 50-50 challenge — a potential on-field error rather than one that crossed the threshold for VAR to intervene.

Sunderland 0-1 Chelsea

Cole Palmer went to ground on the edge of the area under challenges from Luke O'Nien and Jules Ahoka, but referee Jarred Gillett waved play on. Because a foul is determined by the first point of contact — and no conclusive evidence placed that initial contact inside the box — no penalty is expected to be supported by the panel.

Fulham 1-1 Newcastle

Newcastle United thought they had taken the lead at Craven Cottage before the goal was ruled out for a foul by Yoane Wissa on Timothy Castagne. Manager Matthias Jaissle expressed his frustration after the match, but the decision appears likely to be upheld as correct.

How bad was the weekend, really?

BBC Sport estimates that two decisions are very likely to be classified as VAR errors by the KMI Panel: the failure to award penalties to Arsenal and Coventry. Two further incidents — Barry's goal and the absence of a red card for Bogle — may also be ruled mistakes, though that will depend on the panel's composition and subjective judgement. The remaining incidents appear to have been handled correctly. That puts the potential tally at between two and four errors — a poor weekend by the standards of what had been an unusually clean start to the season.